{"id":648,"date":"2017-10-11T09:03:12","date_gmt":"2017-10-11T07:03:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.salusplay.com\/blog\/?p=648"},"modified":"2024-11-11T18:19:56","modified_gmt":"2024-11-11T16:19:56","slug":"formacion-calcular-dosis-farmacologicas","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.salusplay.com\/blog\/formacion-calcular-dosis-farmacologicas\/","title":{"rendered":"Formaci\u00f3n para calcular dosis farmacol\u00f3gicas"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n
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\n 4.1\/5 - (55 votos) <\/div>\n <\/div>\n

Para poder realizar correctamente el c\u00e1lculo de la dosis a administrar de un f\u00e1rmaco es fundamental formarse adecuadamente.<\/p>\n

Aunque en las Universidades se forma ampliamente en esta materia a las futuras enfermeras, es recomendable realizar una formaci\u00f3n postgrado<\/a> con el fin de recordar los aspectos m\u00e1s relevantes y garantizar la seguridad del paciente<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

A continuaci\u00f3n, os planteo a modo de ejemplo una serie de ejercicios resueltos, en el que presento las casu\u00edsticas m\u00e1s habituales a la hora de calcular la dosis de un f\u00e1rmaco a administrar.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gu\u00eda de Administraci\u00f3n de F\u00e1rmacos<\/span> <\/a><\/p>\n

Ejercicios y casos para calcular dosis farmacol\u00f3gicas<\/h2>\n

Ejercicio 1:<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tenemos una botella de Cefaclor etiquetada: 125 mg\/5ml. Si deben administrarse 60 mg, \u00bfCu\u00e1ntos ml se precisan?<\/h3>\n

Tenemos nuestra proporcionalidad conocida: 125 mg en 5 ml.<\/p>\n

Tenemos nuestra proporcionalidad buscada: 60 mg en x<\/em> ml.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ejercicio 2:<\/strong><\/p>\n

A un paciente se le administran 1.000 ml\/d\u00eda de suero glucosado al 5%, \u00bfcu\u00e1ntos mg de glucosa recibe al d\u00eda?<\/h3>\n

La concentraci\u00f3n de suero glucosado al 5% indica que en 100 ml de concentraci\u00f3n hay 5 g de glucosa (proporcionalidad conocida), por lo que en 1.000 ml hay x<\/em> g de glucosa (proporcionalidad buscada).<\/p>\n

Seg\u00fan las equivalencias estudiadas 50 g = 50.000 mg de glucosa diarios.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\"\"<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ejercicio 3:<\/strong><\/p>\n

A un paciente al que se realiza una paracentesis evacuadora se le prescribe: Alb\u00famina 6 g por cada litro de l\u00edquido asc\u00edtico obtenido. Se obtienen 5 litros de l\u00edquido asc\u00edtico. \u00bfCu\u00e1ntos ml de alb\u00famina deber\u00e1n administrarse si disponemos de los siguientes frascos de alb\u00famina? [Alb\u00famina Humana 20%. Cada frasco contiene 50 ml]<\/h3>\n

Teniendo en cuenta que hay que administrar 6 g de alb\u00famina por cada litro asc\u00edtico obtenido y se obtienen 5 litros:<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Los frascos de alb\u00famina que tenemos tienen una concentraci\u00f3n del 20%, lo que significa que contienen 20 g por cada 100 ml de disoluci\u00f3n (proporci\u00f3n conocida). Seg\u00fan lo calculado, queremos administrar 30 g de alb\u00famina que corresponder\u00e1n a x ml (proporci\u00f3n buscada).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Otra forma de calcularlo, una vez calculado que hay que administrar 30 g de alb\u00famina, es: sabiendo que los frascos contienen 20 g por cada 100 ml de disoluci\u00f3n (proporci\u00f3n conocida), y cada frasco tiene 50 ml, cada frasco tendr\u00e1 x g de alb\u00famina (proporci\u00f3n buscada).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Si debemos administrar 30 g y cada frasco tiene 10 g:<\/p>\n

\u00a0(30 g) \u2044 (10 g=3 frascos*50 ml porfrasco=150 ml de alb\u00famina)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ejercicio 4:<\/strong><\/p>\n

El dermat\u00f3logo prescribe fomentos de permanganato pot\u00e1sico 1:10000 c\/8 h como antis\u00e9ptico. En 1 l, \u00bfcu\u00e1ntos gramos de permanganato pot\u00e1sico hay?<\/h3>\n

Seg\u00fan la concentraci\u00f3n expresada, hay 1 g en 10.000 ml (proporci\u00f3n conocida), por lo que en 1 litro (1000 ml) habr\u00e1 x g.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Ejercicio 5: <\/strong><\/p>\n

A un ni\u00f1o de 12 kg se le prescriben 15 mg\/kg de paracetamol v\u00eda oral cada 8 horas. \u00bfCu\u00e1ntos mg de paracetamol se le administran al d\u00eda?<\/h3>\n

Si aplicamos la f\u00f3rmula explicada anteriormente<\/p>\n

Dosis diaria = 15 mg\/kg x 12 kg x 3 veces\/d\u00eda = 540 mg\/d\u00eda<\/em>\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Ejercicio 6:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00bfCu\u00e1ntos moles de cloruro s\u00f3dico son 5 g de cloruro s\u00f3dico? \u00bfCu\u00e1l es la molaridad de la disoluci\u00f3n de 5 g de cloruro s\u00f3dico en 100 ml de disoluci\u00f3n?<\/h3>\n

Para saber los moles, debemos calcular primero a cuantos gramos equivale cada mol de cloruro s\u00f3dico. Para ello, calculamos primero el peso molecular del cloruro s\u00f3dico, sumando los pesos at\u00f3micos de sus componentes (23 + 35,5) seg\u00fan la tabla peri\u00f3dica. Por tanto, 1 mol de cloruro s\u00f3dico son 58,5 g (proporci\u00f3n conocida), 5 g de cloruro s\u00f3dico son x<\/em> moles (proporci\u00f3n buscada).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Para calcular la molaridad, debemos tener en cuenta el volumen, puesto que la molaridad es el n\u00famero de moles por litro. Ten\u00edamos una disoluci\u00f3n de 100 ml que equivale a 0,1 litro. Sabiendo que 0,1 litro contienen 0,085 moles de cloruro s\u00f3dico (proporci\u00f3n conocida), 1 litro contendr\u00e1 x<\/em> moles (proporci\u00f3n buscada).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Lo que significa que la disoluci\u00f3n es 0,85 M.<\/p>\n

M\u00e1s informaci\u00f3n: M\u00e1ster en Farmacolog\u00eda y Productos Sanitarios para Enfermer\u00eda<\/a>.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Para poder realizar correctamente el c\u00e1lculo de la dosis a administrar de un f\u00e1rmaco es fundamental formarse adecuadamente.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":660,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[188],"tags":[17,15,34],"class_list":["post-648","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-formacion-enfermera","tag-formacion-enfermera","tag-formacion-online-enfermeria","tag-puntuacion-ope"],"yoast_head":"\nFormaci\u00f3n para calcular dosis farmacol\u00f3gicas<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.salusplay.com\/blog\/formacion-calcular-dosis-farmacologicas\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta 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